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Since iron oxides and calcium oxide containing compounds are expected to be the dominate reactants in steel slag, the as-produced cement is named iron-calcium phosphate cement (ICPC). In this research, ICPC pastes with fast setting and high early strength were prepared using steel slag powder (SSP), ammonium dihydrogen …
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Slag, as shown in Fig. 1, is the 16th ingredient of high-performance concrete production [22], called supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) [23], that can enhance the strength and durability of concrete [2].The highly fine slag powder, with a surface area of 400–600 m 2 /kg and a bulk density of 1200 kg/m 3, can be mixed with …
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In this paper, steel slag powder was used to replace part of the cement in road concrete, and group tests were carried out on coarse aggregates with different water–cement (W/C) ratios, different steel slag parameters, and different particle sizes. A sample of 100 mm × 100 mm × 100 mm was prepared and cured for 3 days, 7 days, and …
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Steel slag is a byproduct of the steelmaking process and can be categorized based on furnace types into basic oxygen furnace slag (BOFS), electric arc furnace slag (EAFS), and ladle furnace slag (LFS) [1], [32], as shown in Table 1.It can be seen that the main chemical composition of these types of steel slag includes CaO, MgO, MnO, SiO …
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Slag is similar to fly ash in that it is finer than standard Portland cement and is also cheaper as it is a process byproduct. It is is produced by the steel production industry. Slag happens when iron ore is melted. The molten iron sinks to the bottom, while the slag will float on the top of the iron. See the diagram below:
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The present investigation explores the potential of alkali-activated slag as a novel method for stabilizing and enhancing the mechanical properties of loose sandy …
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Product description. Heidelberg Materials Slag Cement conforms to ASTM C989/AASHTO M 302 standard specifications for "Slag Cement as a Constituent in Concrete and …
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Slag cement is a by-product from blast furnaces that are used to make iron. Blast furnaces operate at a temperature of approximately 1500°C to melt iron oxide, coke, and fluxing …
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However, in the 1950s, slag cement became available in other countries as a separate product. The first granulation facility in the U.S. to make a separate slag cement product was Sparrows Point, Maryland, in the …
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Slag is a waste residue discharged during the smelting of cast iron. The density of the slag used in this experiment is 2.93 g/cm 3, a flow ratio of 108 %, a specific surface area of 628 m ... and this substance can better fill the crevices and cement the particles, which leads to an increase in the strength of the specimens. In Fig. 13 ...
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Introduction. In recent years, there has been a significant surge in the global demand and supply of steel as the result of the ongoing process of modernization. …
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Blast furnace slag cement is the mixture of ordinary Portland cement and fine granulated blast furnace slag obtained as a by product in the manufacture of steel with percent under 70% to that of cement. Ground granulated blast furnace slag cement (GGBFS) is a fine glassy granules which contain cementatious properties. In this article we discuss ...
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Phosphogypsum-based excess-sulphate slag cement ... slag particles, gels, ettringite, pores and interstitial solution (Kang et al., ... of FG0 is located in the region with a higher value of Ca/(Si + Al) and lower value of Fe/Al due to low content of iron originated from slag and C 4 AF, indicating a number of C-S-H gels with low iron doping ...
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Nickel slag (NS) is the solid slag produced by smelting nickel–iron alloy, usually spherical particles with a particle size of 0–5 mm. Its main chemical composition is SiO 2, MgO, and Fe 2 O 3, which is China's fourth largest smelting industrial slag after iron slag, steel slag and red mud [4]. There was an increase in the discharge of NS ...
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Applications of Blast Furnace Slag Cement . There are numerous applications and uses for the slag cement such as: Produces concretes with higher strength; Produces concrete with lower permeability which make it suitable for locations vulnerable to chloride and sulfate attacks; for example, piles and marine structures.; …
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Steel slag could be valuable for promoting a sustainable relationship between the concrete and steel industries. C 2 S, C 3 S, C 4 AF, and C 3 A in steel slags are typical mineral phases of Portland cement, indicating the potential of steel slags to function as hydraulic materials. Therefore, one recycling option is to grind steel slags …
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The cement industry significantly contributes to global CO 2 emissions, with a notable portion attributed to limestone calcination during cement clinker production. To promote carbon-neutral building practices, alternative approaches are being explored to replace raw materials in cement manufacturing and mitigate CO 2 emissions. …
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While GGBF slag particles may be similar in size to cement particles, they have a specific gravity of about 2.85 to 2.9, compared with portland cement (around 3.15). If the producer replaces GGBF slag pound for pound for cement, the mix would overyield. Many adjust the yield by reducing the fine aggregate (sand).
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The ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) is a by-product of iron manufacturing which when added to concrete improves its properties such as workability, strength and durability. ... it is allowed to pass through a high-pressure water get. This result in quenching of the particles which results in granules of size lesser than 5mm in ...
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1. Introduction. Steel slag (SS) is a waste residue produced by steelmaking, which produces more than 110 million tons each year in China, but the effective utilization rate of SS is about 22% [1].The accumulation of SS is not only a waste of resources, but also a pollution to the environment [2], [3], [4].. Researches show that SS and Portland …
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Supplementary cementing materials. Daman K. Panesar, in Developments in the Formulation and Reinforcement of Concrete (Second Edition), 2019 3.1.2 Slag cement. Slag cement is a by-product from blast furnaces that are used to make iron. Blast furnaces operate at a temperature of approximately 1500°C to melt iron oxide, coke, and fluxing …
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The use of slag cement as a cementitious material dates back to 1774, when a mortar was made using slag cement ... (Mather 1957). In 1862, a granulation process was proposed to facilitate removal and handling of iron blast-furnace slag leaving the blast furnace. The use of granulation produced glassy material that played an important part in ...
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The utilization of steel slag for industrial and construction purposes has gained significant attention in recent years due to its abundant availability and potential environmental benefits. This study explores the feasibility of utilizing steel slag as a coarse aggregate in concrete, aiming to determine the optimal replacement percentages for …
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Granulated BF (GBF) slag is obtained by quenching molten iron slag (a byproduct of iron making) from a BF in water or steam, to produce a glassy and granular …
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In addition, lithium slag particles are also very active in the later stage. They react with calcium hydroxide produced by cement hydration to generate additional C-S-H. This is ... Reviewing the properties of recycled concrete aggregates and iron slag in concrete. Journal of Building Engineering, 60 (2022), Article 105150. View PDF View ...
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Ground granulated blast furnace slag is an eco-friendly material with regard to its production process and usage. In this study, slag cement (SC) is used to prepare different slag cement mortar (SCM) mixes to study mortar microstructure perspectives, physiochemical properties, mechanical properties and durability performance. The tests …
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In the two last decades, world production of pig iron and steel has undergone a significant increase. In 2018, 1252.87 and 1806.46 million tons of pig iron and steel, respectively, were produced as compared to the 575.78 and 809.94 million tons of 2000. Consequently, the amount of the different types of slags deriving from these production …
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Specifically, the iron slag must first be quenched to form slag granulate – a glassy mineral product – and then the granulate is milled to cement-like fineness in a 'cement' mill – creating Ground ... Slag for use in Concrete and Mortars", though this has now been superceded by ASTM C 989 – C 989M-1613
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the utilization of steel slag in concrete and its impact on mechanical properties. Lai et al. [5 ] investigated the eect of incorporating electric arc furnace steel slag (EAFS) into hardened concrete. Their ndings demonstrated that concrete with steel slag aggregates exhibited signicantly higher compressive, tensile, and exural strength, as well
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