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Solid-state polymerization (SSP) is very important to get higher Mw; it is composed of a crystallization step, which prevents sticking among the chips, and a polycondensation step at solid state.
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(EG) using a melt polycondensation process. Conventional routes have in common that they require a second, subsequent solid-state post-conden-sation (SSP) step to further …
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Duh [13] postulated that part of the functional end groups remains inactive during SSP and the solid-state polycondensation (transesterification) follows a second-order kinetics with respect to the active end group concentration. Thus, − d C d t =2k(C−C i) where C i is the inactive end group concentration. This model is capable of ...
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The term solid state polycondensation (SSP) simply says that chain growth by condensation steps occur under conditions, where at least one reaction …
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This research delves into the kinetics of solid-state polycondensation (SSP) and melt postpolycondensation (MPP) of polyamide 6, with a particular focus on managing extractable content. We scrutinize how reaction time and temperature influence key properties, such as relative viscosity, oligomer content, and end group content in …
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A process for the solid state polycondensation of PET is proposed. It is shown that by correctly choosing the prepolymerisation conditions it is possible to crystallise the product and to directly ...
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The essence of solid-state polycondensation (SSP) is that the material is heated to a temperature below melt point (but usually above 200 °C) where due to the significant chain movements the
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This polyester is then submitted to a second solid-state polycondensation (SSP) carried out at different reaction times (1, 2, 3.5, and 5 h) and temperatures 190, 200, and 205 °C, under vacuum. ... and on the other hand, it reduces the polyester water content, which occurs during remelting, and afterwards, ...
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For this reason, additional procedures such as solid state polycondensation (SSP) and chain extension (CE) reaching MW ranging from 80,000 up to 250,000 g/mol are extensively investigated here ...
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Most of these processes are based on solid-state polycondensation processes. Because experimental determination of the cleaning efficiency is a time-consuming and expensive procedure, it would be useful to predict the cleaning efficiencies, e.g. for process development and optimization. Within this study, the decontamination …
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The relative merits of the moving packed bed, fluidized bed, and stirred bed reactors for solid-state polycondensation are discussed along with methods for improving these designs. A general model to describe continuous solid-state polymerization reactors is then developed and illustrated by a case study of a moving packed bed reactor …
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Solid-state polycondensation process of recycled polyethylene-terephthalate and its effect on crystalline structure and mechanical properties were investigated.
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recoSTAR PET FG/FG +. State-of-the-art recycling technology for the in-house recycling of PET flakes from bottles, preforms, strapping bands and sheets, as well as for the recycling of post-consumer bottle flakes after the washing process. The end product is melt-filtrated, uniform granulate that can be used for a wide range of food-contact applications. ...
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This melt polycondensate was then heat treated at 105°C for 2 h and subjected to solid-state polycondensation under various conditions to obtain a high-molecular-weight polymer of poly(L-lactic ...
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Chain extender additives [10–12], melt-phase polycondensation [13–15], or solid-state polycondensation (SSP) processes [16–18] can be applied. They can be built into the different steps of recycling process; therefore, material production cost increases only to a small extent, while IV increases significantly.
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Introduction 1.1.1. Polymers and plastics 1.1.2. Polymerization processes 1.1.3. Introduction to solid state polymerization 1.2. Solid state polymerization of chain-growth polymers (solid state polyaddition) 1.3. Solid state polymerization of step-growth polymers (solid state polycondensation) 1.3.1. Monomer solid state polymerization (direct ...
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Solid-state polycondensation (SSP) is a competitive method of semicrystalline polymers synthesis to conventional melt polycondensation process.
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A molar mass raise of conventional semi-crystalline polyesters can mainly and most easily be achieved by changing the preparation procedure, for instance using a melt polycondensation followed by a solid state post-polycondensation procedure at temperatures 10–40 K below melting temperature of PET or PBT, respectively, but far …
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Solid-state polycondensation (SSP) comprises a bulk polymerization technique industrially applied to step-growth polymers. It involves heating the starting material (crystalline monomer or prepolymer) in an inert atmosphere or in vacuo, at a temperature below its melting point, permitting the initiation and propagation of typical …
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The term solid state polycondensation simply says that chain growth by condensation steps occur under conditions, where at least one reaction partner exists in the solid state.
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The direct solid state polymerization (DSSP) of hexamethylene diammonium dodecanoate (PA 612 salt) was investigated for two different salt grades, fossil-based and bio-based. Aliphatic polyamide salts (such as PA 612 salt) are highly susceptible to
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Melt solid polycondensation is an approach to increase the molecular weight of poly (L‐lactic acid) (PLLA). For this report, the effect of crystallization time of PLLA prepolymer on the molecular…
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Before the solid-state polymerization, the two prepolymers should be mixed by, for example, melting so that the polymer molecules from the two different batches are mixed homogeneously at a molecular level. To predict the performance of the solid-state polymerization for the prepolymer mixture according to Eq. (1), a dynamic reaction …
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FIFO Solid-State Polycondensation (SSP) high-end bottle-to-bottle recycling; automatic food-grade quality monitoring; approved by multinational beverage brand owners
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Four synthesis methods, direct polycondensation (DP), azeotropic polycondensation (AP), solid state polymerization (SSP) and ring-opening …
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1.3. Solid state polymerization of step-growth polymers (solid state polycondensation) 14 1.3.1. Monomer solid state polymerization (direct SSP) 16 1.3.2. Prepolymer solid state polymerization (post-SSP, solid state finishing) 21 1.4. Solid state polymerization apparatus and assemblies 26 1.5. Solid state applications in the polymer industry ...
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Despite the wealth of accessible shapes of inorganic particles, anisotropic homopolymer particles are to date mostly limited to objects derived from spheres (e.g., ellipsoidal or disk-shaped particles). Here, we report the synthesis of shape-anisotropic, angular polyimide particles by thermal solid-state polycondensation (SSP) of …
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(Keywords: unsaturated nylon salts; solid-state polycondensation (polyamidation); solid-melt transition; water accumulation) INTRODUCTION Solid-state polyamidation (SSP) is widely used in postpolymerizing nylon prepolymers produced in the melt phasel-S. ... On the other hand, separation of water in a second phase was not …
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Solid State Polymerization (SSP) may be applied with polycondensation polymers, e.g. polyamides and polyesters, in order to increase the degree of …
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solid state polycondensation (ssp) on recycled pet regrinds If we move the polycondensation reaction before extrusion (F4 - MODEL MOBY), the material is progressively heated until melting and ...
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After solid-state polycondensation, PA52 with relative viscosity of 3.2, weight-average molecular weight of 4.3 × 104, and melting point of 301 °C was obtained. FTIR and 1H-NMR analysis confirmed the formation of PA52 while the DSC results suggested that the resultant polymer possessed high heat resistance and good …
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Abstract Simultaneous solid-state polycondensation (SSP) of the powdery prepolymers of poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) and poly(D-lactic acid) (PDLA) can produce entire stereocomplexed poly ...
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Pr. Christine Luscombe (Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology-OIST- Japan) : "Controlling polycondensation reactions: A case study in semiconducting polymer synthesis".. Pr. Timothy Long (Arizona State University, Arizona - USA) : "3D High Performance Engineering Polymers: From Aliphatic Polyesters to Aromatic Polyimides".. …
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Details are summarized in Table 1. For SSP (solid-state polycondensation) we prepared prepolymer at 180 oC, with optimum crystallite size and crystallinity based on previously XRD results. ... on the other end [8]. On the other hand, in case of direct polycondensation of glycolic acid, polymer chain would have hydroxyl group and …
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Some of these drawbacks are overcome with a combination of melt polycondensation and solid state polymerization (SSP), i.e. the melt polycondensation is interrupted and the molecular weight (MW) is further increased by heating the solid polymer under inert atmosphere at temperatures lower than T m but higher than T g.In …
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It has been experimentally confirmed that polyethylene terephthalate during its processing into products destruct without carrying out the process of solid-phase polycondensation. The conditions for both primary and secondary polyethylene terephthalate have been determined for carrying out the pr...
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An efficient solid-state polycondensation method for synthesizing stereocomplexed poly(lactic acid)s with high molecular weight
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Abstract The global environmental issues caused by plastic incineration are continuously increasing, along with the demand for polyethylene terephthalate (PET)—27 million metric tons of PET was…
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A process for the solid state polycondensation of PET is proposed. It is shown that by correctly choosing the prepolymerisation conditions it is possible to crystallise the product and to...
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