Nigeria is rich is solid mineral resources, such as: Kaolin, gypsum, mica, clay, tantalite, iron ore, gemstone, silica sand.
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Recycling concrete &building rubble is not only able to bring profit to investors, but also good for environment protection.
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Disposal of slag is the major issue for the steel industries as huge space is required for its dumping. Dumping of slag on the agricultural land often creates protest by farmers for the disposal of the slag waste by the industry [].Near Jamshedpur in India, where most of the steel industries are established, the people with low- to very low …
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Slow air-cooling of the slag for an extended period can increase the volume instability due to the presence of CaO and MgO 31, ... The rapidly cooled LF slag shows a more granular appearance making it a suitable replacement for sand in the concrete industry. It could also be used in the subsequent recycling of LF slag as a flux in the LF ...
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What is Air-cooled basic oxygen steel slag (BOS)? Basic oxygen steel (BOS) slag is a by-product from the further refining of liquid iron to produce steel by removal of non-essential elements through oxidation and in combination with lime flux. BOS slag is produced by the basic oxygen steelmaking (BOS) process – also referred to as the basic ...
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Quenching of blast furnace slag can be done also by air but in that case, the final product is crystalline and with a very low reactivity. The present study aimed to evaluate the cementitious properties of a mechanically activated (MCA) air-cooled blast furnace slag (ACBFS) used as a precursor in sodium silicate alkali-activated systems.
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Sadek (2014) examined the effect of using air-cooled slag (ACS) produced by the slow cooling of blast furnace slag (BFS) under atmospheric conditions and with water-cooled slag (WCS) produced by ...
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The ultra-accelerated mortar-bar test [3] has been applied to determine the alkali reactivity of the coarse aggregates (i.e. dolomite and air-cooled slag) upon utilization in the fabricated cement products. Fig. 2 presents the linear expansion reached due to the reaction between the aggregate and the alkali (OH –) formed upon cement …
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When the molten slag is allowed to cool slowly under ambient conditions, it solidifies into a gray, crystalline, hard and stone-like material known as air-cooled slag (ACS). ACS is a stable solid consists of crystallized Ca–Al–Mg silicates, especially gehlenite (C 2 AS) and akermanite (C 2 MS 2). Thus, ACS has no or very little cementing ...
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As mentioned earlier, granulated and air-cooled methods are the principal methods for slag cooling. The process of production of slag by these two methods are shown in Fig. 2.GBF slag is a non-crystalline granular material that varies from the source to source depending on the quality of the raw material smelted as well as the method of …
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by quenching and granulating it. It is used as material in cement, as fine aggregate for concrete and in civil engineering works, exhibiting better long-term strength, better resistance to chemical attack, and it brings down the cost of cement. v The Air-cooled BF Slag (ABFS) is discharged to a cooling yard and naturally cooled
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In building construction, cupola slag can be used as an alternative raw material to cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, and clay without sacing quality …
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Such air-cooled slag is usually wholly or largely crystalline. Rapid cooling gives a glassy product, and several techniques are available whereby this can be achieved with water-cooling to give a product that is in most cases fine particles or granules. In the simplest versions the molten slag stream is poured into a powerful jet of water to ...
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This document contains recommendations for best practices related to the use of air-cooled blast furnace slag (ACBFS) as coarse aggregate in concrete pavements. It is primarily based on the results of a review of available literature regarding the production and use of ACBFS as coarse aggregate in concrete pavements, information provided …
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In this case, both granulated and air-cooled slags have been successfully used. The granulated slag gives excellent properties after alkali activation, and resultant products are good durable. However, one drawback has been reported with air-cooled slag that the structure becomes spongy with uneven distribution of porosity after alkali interaction.
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The amount of air-cooled slag generated at the Egyptian Iron and steel Company is more than 300,000 tons annually (0.2 tons of slag/1 ton of iron and steel produced). Table 1 gives the chemical analysis of the used air-cooled slag. The chemical analysis of the sand utilized shows that it contains negligible percent of Cl − and SO 3 − …
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Air cooled blast furnace slag is a by product made of gradually air cooled molten blast furnace slag and is often stored in stockpiles near the iron mills and usually occupy a wide area around the ...
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In such an attempt to yield better results from slag usage in construction industry, Carvalho et al. investigated the use of water and air cooled basic oxygen …
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However, the Partial inclusion of slag for cement produces OPC or fully replaced by alkali-activated slag (AAS), which is more pumpable, chemically stable, and resistant to an aggressive environment. This paper reviews the source, clean …
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By-pass cement kiln dust (CKD) is a fine-grained alkaline particulate material similar in appearance to Portland cement collected in the air-pollution control devices …
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12.1. Introduction. Blast furnace slag (BFS) which is defined "as the non-metallic product consisting essentially of silicates and alumina silicates of calcium and other bases, that is developed in a molten condition simultaneously with iron in a blast furnace" by ASTM C 125-16 (2016) has been widely used in construction industry for more than 80 …
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Studies on potential use of different mining tailings in bricks have revealed that this waste along with clay can be effectively utilized for making better quality fired …
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As the properties are dependent on the cooling method, water-cooled slag is applied to uses of relatively high added value, such as raw material for cement and admixtures for concrete; however ...
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The feasibility study concluded that: The proposed factory could produce cement bricks having a cement content of 210–250 kg/m3 and substituting 20% of the cement by CKD. ... The study declared the advantages of air-cooled slag that motivated such utilization. Keywords: By-Pass cement kiln dust (CKD), Air-cooled blast-furnace steel slag (ACS ...
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The present research provides an understanding of the two different types of slags of water quenched granulated slag and air-cooled slag that are generated from iron making process through the ...
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It is concluded that CFBC fly ash and slag can be used to make high-quality brick as long as it is autoclaved. ... (CBA), silica fume (SF), granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS), air-cooled slag ...
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Blast furnace slag (BFS) is a by-product generated from the production of pig iron in the blast furnace. In Egypt, there are two main types of BFS depending on the used cooling technique; air-cooled slag (ACS) produced by slow cooling of BFS under atmospheric conditions and water-cooled slag (WCS) produced by water quenching.
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PennDOT, Pennsylvania Turnpike, WVDOT, ODOT Approved Air Cooled Blast Furnace Slag undergoes a sulfur leachate test in accordance of Ohio DOT Supplemental 1027 to ensure the material is ecologically benign for use in unencapsulated applications. #1, #8, #10, #57, and #2A Slag is available for these applications once it has been tested and …
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The utilization of steel slag for industrial and construction purposes has gained significant attention in recent years due to its abundant availability and potential environmental benefits. This study explores the feasibility of utilizing steel slag as a coarse aggregate in concrete, aiming to determine the optimal replacement percentages for …
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Air-cooled lumpy slag was evaluated for use as aggregates in concrete. The results of the investigations provide a direction for profitable plans for making blended slag cements. ... in bricks have revealed that this waste along with clay can be effectively utilized for making better quality fired bricks and use of copper has resulted in ...
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It is commonly used to make concrete blocks and bricks. These, in turn, may be recycled into building materials such as road-building materials. ... Air Cooled Blast Furnace Slag. Air-Cooled Blast Furnace Slag (ACBF) is a non-metallic aggregate that results from the slower solidification of molten blast furnace slag under atmospheric conditions ...
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